Adjectives: Gender & Number Agreement

In Spanish, adjectives behave like mirrors—they must change their form to perfectly match the noun they describe in both gender and quantity.

Gender Match

Notice how the exact same color changes its ending depending on whether the noun is feminine (red) or masculine (blue).

La mesa blanca

The white table (Feminine)

El libro blanco

The white book (Masculine)

La mesa roja

The red table (Feminine)

El coche rojo

The red car (Masculine)

Number Match

When a noun becomes plural, you must also make the adjective plural by adding -s (or -es).

Las mesas blancas

The white tables (Fem. Plural)

Los libros blancos

The white books (Masc. Plural)

Las mesas rojas

The red tables (Fem. Plural)

Los coches rojos

The red cars (Masc. Plural)

Word Order & Stacking

Unlike English, adjectives generally follow the noun. When you stack multiple adjectives, they all line up after the noun and all must match it.

Las mesas blancas sucias rotas

The broken dirty white tables

(Notice how blancas, sucias, and rotas all adapt to the plural feminine 'mesas')

The Golden Rule Example

The easiest way to remember the noun-adjective order in Spanish is to think of a famous global landmark that you already know.

La Casa Blanca

Literally: The House White

Meaning

The White House

Deep Dive