Must-Know Irregulars
Top 40 Spanish Irregular Verbs
Compare 6 essential forms side by side
Use this page as a compact comparison table. Start with the priority verbs, then filter by present irregulars, past irregulars, imperfect forms, gerunds, participles and future stems. If you only need the highest-priority past forms first, start with the A2 Top 10 Preterite Irregulars. For the complete simple-past system before focusing on irregulars, use the Spanish Preterite Tense Guide.
Core irregular-verb pages, different jobs
Start with patterns
Spanish irregular verbs are easier when you compare related forms side by side instead of memorizing a random list.
Red = irregular
The highlighted forms are the ones that deserve extra attention: soy, fui, tuve, hecho, tendré.
Perfect = he + participle
The perfect column shows he visto, he dicho, he puesto and other useful present-perfect forms.
The 6 forms compared here
This is not a full conjugation chart. It is a compact comparison reference. Most columns use yo forms; the gerund is a non-personal form.
Present
soy, tengo
Preterite
fui, hice
Imperfect
era, iba
Gerund
yendo
Present perfect
he visto
Future
tendré
Top 40 comparison table
Showing all 40 verbs.
Tip: on mobile, scroll the table horizontally.
| Verb | Present yo | Preterite yo | Imperfect yo | Gerund | Present perfect yo | Future yo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01ser to be | soy | fui | era | siendo | he sido | seré |
| 02ir to go | voy | fui | iba | yendo | he ido | iré |
| 03ver to see | veo | vi | veĂa | viendo | he visto | verĂ© |
| 04tener to have | tengo | tuve | tenĂa | teniendo | he tenido | tendrĂ© |
| Family link: TENER expressions & verb family | ||||||
| 05venir to come | vengo | vine | venĂa | viniendo | he venido | vendrĂ© |
| 06poner to put / place | pongo | puse | ponĂa | poniendo | he puesto | pondrĂ© |
| Family link: PONER deep dive & derived verb family | ||||||
| 07hacer to do / make | hago | hice | hacĂa | haciendo | he hecho | harĂ© |
| 08decir to say / tell | digo | dije | decĂa | diciendo | he dicho | dirĂ© |
| 09salir to leave / go out | salgo | salĂ | salĂa | saliendo | he salido | saldrĂ© |
| 10valer to be worth | valgo | valĂ | valĂa | valiendo | he valido | valdrĂ© |
| 11poder to be able to | puedo | pude | podĂa | pudiendo | he podido | podrĂ© |
| 12querer to want / love | quiero | quise | querĂa | queriendo | he querido | querrĂ© |
| 13saber to know | sĂ© | supe | sabĂa | sabiendo | he sabido | sabrĂ© |
| 14caber to fit | quepo | cupe | cabĂa | cabiendo | he cabido | cabrĂ© |
| 15estar to be | estoy | estuve | estaba | estando | he estado | estaré |
| 16dar to give | doy | di | daba | dando | he dado | daré |
| Deep dive: DAR — conjugation, DARSE & everyday expressions | ||||||
| 17oĂr to hear | oigo | oĂ | oĂa | oyendo | he oĂdo | oirĂ© |
| 18traer to bring | traigo | traje | traĂa | trayendo | he traĂdo | traerĂ© |
| 19caer to fall | caigo | caĂ | caĂa | cayendo | he caĂdo | caerĂ© |
| 20pedir to ask for / order | pido | pedĂ | pedĂa | pidiendo | he pedido | pedirĂ© |
| 21sentir to feel | siento | sentĂ | sentĂa | sintiendo | he sentido | sentirĂ© |
| 22dormir to sleep | duermo | dormĂ | dormĂa | durmiendo | he dormido | dormirĂ© |
| 23morir to die | muero | morĂ | morĂa | muriendo | he muerto | morirĂ© |
| 24volver to return | vuelvo | volvĂ | volvĂa | volviendo | he vuelto | volverĂ© |
| 25seguir to follow / continue | sigo | seguĂ | seguĂa | siguiendo | he seguido | seguirĂ© |
| 26pensar to think | pienso | pensé | pensaba | pensando | he pensado | pensaré |
| 27encontrar to find | encuentro | encontré | encontraba | encontrando | he encontrado | encontraré |
| 28conocer to know / meet | conozco | conocĂ | conocĂa | conociendo | he conocido | conocerĂ© |
| 29conducir to drive | conduzco | conduje | conducĂa | conduciendo | he conducido | conducirĂ© |
| 30traducir to translate | traduzco | traduje | traducĂa | traduciendo | he traducido | traducirĂ© |
| 31volar to fly | vuelo | volé | volaba | volando | he volado | volaré |
| 32construir to build | construyo | construĂ | construĂa | construyendo | he construido | construirĂ© |
| 33jugar to play | juego | jugué | jugaba | jugando | he jugado | jugaré |
| 34reĂr to laugh | rĂo | reĂ | reĂa | riendo | he reĂdo | reirĂ© |
| 35vestir to dress / wear | visto | vestĂ | vestĂa | vistiendo | he vestido | vestirĂ© |
| 36escribir to write | escribo | escribĂ | escribĂa | escribiendo | he escrito | escribirĂ© |
| 37abrir to open | abro | abrĂ | abrĂa | abriendo | he abierto | abrirĂ© |
| 38romper to break | rompo | rompĂ | rompĂa | rompiendo | he roto | romperĂ© |
| 39andar to walk | ando | anduve | andaba | andando | he andado | andaré |
| 40leer to read | leo | leĂ | leĂa | leyendo | he leĂdo | leerĂ© |
Red forms are the forms you should notice first. Some forms are regular but still included for comparison.
Smallest high-value group
ser → soy / fui
estar → estoy / estuve
ir → voy / fui
dar → doy / di
Notice: fui can mean “I was” or “I went”. Context decides.
Only 3 irregular imperfects
ser → era
ir → iba
ver → veĂa
This is one of the easiest irregular groups to master quickly.
Strong future stems
Learn these as chunks: tendré, vendré, pondré, haré, diré, podré, querré, sabré.
For a focused future-tense guide, use the page below.
Useful example sentences
No sé qué hacer.
I don’t know what to do.
Ayer tuve mucho trabajo.
Yesterday I had a lot of work.
Ya lo he visto.
I have already seen it.
Te diré la verdad.
I will tell you the truth.
Cuando era niño, iba mucho al parque.
When I was a child, I used to go to the park a lot.
¿Qué has hecho?
What have you done?