One-Page Reference
Spanish Grammar Cheat Sheet
See the essential Spanish grammar system in one place: articles, plurals, adjective agreement, pronouns, verb endings, past and future forms, commands, conditional patterns and the subjunctive.
Articles · Pronouns · Tenses · Comparisons · Commands · Subjunctive
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See how tenses, prepositions, question words, commands, irregular verbs and related practice pages connect.
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Choose a focused tense quiz or begin with the A1–B2 placement test to see which grammar level needs the most attention.
Present Tense
Things happening right now or general facts.
Examples:
- ¿Hablas español? Sí, hablo español.
- ¿Dónde vives? Vivo en Toronto.
- ¿Puedes ayudarme? Sí, puedo ayudarte.
Past Tenses
Actions completed or ongoing in the past.
Examples:
- Hoy no he comido nada. Present Perfect
- Ayer comí pasta. Preterite
- Antes no comía brócoli. Imperfect
Future Tenses
Plans, intentions, and upcoming events.
Examples:
- ¿Vas a ayudarme? Voy a ayudarte.
- ¿Me ayudarás? Te ayudaré.
Continuous Tenses
Actions currently in progress at a specific time.
Examples:
- Estoy esperando I am waiting
- Estaba esperando I was waiting
- Estaré esperando I will be waiting
Common mistakes
Small Grammar Details That Change Meaning
English speakers often understand the big grammar rules but miss the small details: accent marks, homophones, false friends and tiny words that completely change meaning.
Study tip
Do not try to master every small detail on day one. Learn the most common contrasts first, then improve accuracy gradually through reading and writing.